Sudhir C. Nayak, from Parochial Vicar of Our Lady of the Assumption Parish in Osterville and Our Lady of Victory Parish in Centerville, to (Moderator) Pastor in solidum (with Rev. . Brian Patrick Connors, son Michael and Janice Connors, is a a parishioner of Holy Family Church in East Taunton. Show More . He attended Bishop Connolly High School in Fall River and also studied at Rhode Island College in Kingstown, R.I.
Meet the Seminarians | Diocese of St. Augustine Biography - Catholic Preaching Deacon Laird spent this past summer interning at St. John the Baptist and Our Lady of Grace parishes in Westport. If we had not the Sacrament of Orders, we should not have Our Lord. In his 20s he entered the Catholic faith, receiving the Sacraments of Initiation. June 11, 2021. Msgr. Matthew F. Laird, William O'Donnell III, Gregory Quenneville, and Laurent M. Valliere, now as deacons, will be able to assist the priest at Mass and be an ordinary minister of . I have gained a greater appreciation for the importance of preparing parents to have their children baptized. Diocese of Fall River USA Continent: North America Rite: Roman (Latin) Type: Diocese Name: Fall River / Riverormen (sis) (Latin) Ecclesiastical Province: Boston Depends on: Dicastery for Bishops Churches Bishops Info Special Churches Cathedral: Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption, Fall River, Massachusetts Along with Gregory Quenneville and Laurent Valliere, they have begun the final leg of their journey toward ordination to the priesthood next year. He is gifted at playing the piano and the organ. 146m Charlton Memorial Hospital Hospital. Rev. His family lives Aracaju.
Annual Catholic Appeal Supports Vocations Office, Seminarians Eleven diocesan seminarians gear up for another year of classes, Area Holy Union Sisters gather for first time in two years Sisters meet to celebrate Mass and recognize jubilations, Hispanic youth, parents invigorated by the Heroic Examples of Young Saints of our Time, Diocese to offer Eucharistic Nights and Relic tour, Saint Vincents Services announces the addition of Katie Dawkins as the Director of Donor Relations & Fundraising, Diocese to host events as part of National Eucharistic Revival. Prayer life flows over and into the classroom. Father Landry was one of the six seminarians profiled in the 1997 book The New Men: Inside the Vatican's Elite School for Priests by Brian Murphy and the subject of profiles by USA . Participant Guide, Guia Embaixador Paroquial ODonnell: When I first got the call, I was working in the restaurant industry on the Cape. He also finds strength in helping those marginalized having a better life. I frequently reminded my students that your occupation is not your vocation, he told The Anchor. The priest. In this synodal process, Pope Francis is bringing to fruition what he has preached throughout his papacy: the lay faithful have an important role to play in the mission and life of the ChurchThis is an invitation to everyone parishes small and large, all groups, ministries, apostolates, movements, and individuals to be heard. After that daCosta attended four years at Our Lady of Providence Seminary in Providence, R.I., and also studied at Providence College there. A graduate of Attleboro High School in 2003, he went on to earn a bachelors degree in psychology from the University of Massachusetts in 2007 and a masters in social work from Rhode Island College in 2012. Even today with my parents and my sisters, whenever we get together, the first question from my parents is: What time is Mass? His family is very close and the Mass and rosary were an important part of their lives. Very Rev. Synod is a Greek word ( synodos) meaning a meeting or assembly. Rev. Who could ever have imagined that the voice of man, which by nature hath not the power even to raise a straw from the ground, should obtain through grace a power so stupendous as to bring from Heaven to earth the Son of God? The worthy priest is the living image of Christ in this world, of Christ watching, praying, preaching, catechizing, working, weeping, going from town to town, from village to village, suffering, agonizing, sacrificing Himself and dying for the souls created to His image and likeness. Bridgewater State University.
Diocesan Office of Vocations - Catholic Foundation of Southeastern Two Cape Cod men ordained to priesthood, another a transitional deacon David C. Deston, from Chaplain of Charlton Memorial Hospital in Fall River with residence at Espirito Santo Rectory in Fall River, to Administrator of St. Nicholas of Myra Parish in North Dighton and Annunciation of the Lord Parish in Taunton, with residence at Annunciation of the Lord Rectory.
Bishop ordains new priest for diocese of Fall River | Anchor News His home parish is St. Marys Parish in Mansfield. Click the button below to see the daily priest intention. It is not just academic. Meet Nick Bennett, Eric Stelzer, Bob Hoffman and Matt King, the four newest priests to serve the Diocese of St. Augustine. This summer I have been serving as a transitional deacon at St. Marys in South Dartmouth. It was there where he met Bishop Edgar M. da Cunha, S.D.V., who encouraged Santos to think about serving as a priest in the U.S., particularly in the Diocese of Fall River. Some of his parish assignments have been serving at St. Anns Parish in Raynham, St. Anthony Parish in Falmouth, Our Lady of Grace in Westport, and Holy Name in Fall River. Synod is a Greek word (synodos) meaning a meeting or assembly. Entering Second Theology at Immaculate Conception Seminary in South Orange, N.J., Bryan Bangs is a very active member of Corpus Christi Parish in East Sandwich, along with his mother, Joanne, dad, Robert, a sister and two brothers. Always active in his parish, daCosta had a strong yearning to increase his faith life at an early age. Four seminarians studying for the priesthood for the Fall River Diocese will be ordained transitional deacons by Bishop Edgar M. da Cunha, S.D.V, in the context of an 11 a.m. Mass on Saturday, May 22, in St. Marys Cathedral, Fall River. This past summer, I had the privilege of being assigned at Holy Name Parish with Father Jay Maddock and Father Daniel Nunes, where I had a positive experience of serving the lovely parish community. The priest -- always the priest. Daniel M. Nunes, from Parochial Vicar of Holy Name Parish in Fall River, to Parochial Vicar of St. Nicholas of Myra Parish in North Dighton and Annunciation of the Lord Parish in Taunton, with residence at Annunciation of the Lord Rectory.
Presentation on Transgender Issues & Gender Dysphoria - Fall River Diocese The Churchs treasure is its people: those who come to Mass, volunteer, and are always there for you. John played baseball for Bridgewater State University which also taught him teamwork, perseverance, and leadership. 131m Fall River Vocations Office . Carmel Parish in New Bedford while remaining Parochial Vicar of Our Lady of Guadalupe at St. James Parish in New Bedford, with residence at Our Lady of Guadalupe Rectory. If youre not praying, youre just going through the motions: taking classes, nothing else. He is the son of Victor and Dina Dias and has an older sister. Our Priests also work in hospitals, nursing homes, schools, missions and other diocesan offices and special ministries. Shayne is fluent in English and Portuguese. Rev. Brian has a love for the Church and desire to serve others.
Vocations - Saint John's Seminary He briefly entered the Carmel of the Immaculate Heart of Mary order in Powell, Wyo., but didnt feel that was his calling, but his desire to become a priest didnt ebb. Prayer has been very important to him and he has a love for the Church (especially a love for the Eucharist, Adoration, Confession, and Our Lady).
Eleven diocesan seminarians gear up for another year of classes In the words of Saint John Vianney, "we may also say that everything has come to us through the priest; yes, all happiness, all graces, all heavenly gifts." The takeaways are based solely on input from our faithful and are not intended to represent an officialdiocesan position on any specific topic. Four of the diocesan seminarians are entering third Theology at Immaculate Conception Seminary in South Orange, N.J. studies questions concerning the Church in the world (c.f. Resources for the Mission, Secretariat for the New Evangelization Planning Guide & Social/Hospitality Resource. Patrick Fiorillo of the Archdiocese of Boston on drums. He attends the Mass daily, he makes time during the week to be with the Lord in the chapel, prays Lectio Divina, and every day prays the Rosary. Continuing with his growth in the faith he became very involved in the parish by teaching the faith to children and helping at the parish on a regular basis. Share copies of the diocesan and local- level reports publicly and in their entirety to their respective communities. Bryan has served at Santo Christo Church in Fall River and this summer at St. Thomas More Parish in Somerst, St. Louis deFrance Parish in Swansea, and St. Patricks Parish in Somerset. They are the future leaders of our Church, united in a common bond of faith and service. The Diocese of Fall River is blessed to have 14 seminarians presently studying for the priesthood. Growing up he was very involved in the church life (altar server; lector; extraordinary minster; sacristan; taught in faith formation; on the parish council; and was involved in youth ministry). Tom Frechette; I spoke with him the most about getting the call. Deacon Bill ODonnell, 41, hails from Harwich, where he, his mom, Patty, dad, William, and a younger brother and sister, were parishioners at Holy Trinity Parish in West Harwich.
E-mail: jkearns@dioc-fr.org, Statistical Overview (as of December 31, 2021), A-Z List of Diocesan Offices & Ministries, Catholic Foundation of Southeastern Massachusetts/Catholic Appeal, Faith Formation/Secretariat for the New Evangelization, Diocesan Health Facilities (Nursing Homes & Elder Care), Catholic Foundation of Southeastern Massachusetts, FACE Foundation to Advance Catholic Education, Clergy Retirements, Transfers and Assignments Announced. Edward A. Murphy, from Pastor of Annunciation of the Lord and St. Andrew the Apostle Parishes in Taunton, to Pastor of St. Andrew the Apostle Parish in Taunton while remaining Chaplain of the St. Annes Shrine Preservation Society and St. Annes Shrine in Fall River. As deacons, they will be able to assist the priest at Mass and be an ordinary minister of the Eucharist, proclaim the Gospel and preach, baptize, and minister at other services. Diocese of Rochester: June 13 Reverend Joseph Martuscello: Ordained by Bishop Salvatore R. Matano on June 13, 2020 as the newest priest of the Diocese of Rochester. ODonnell: I look forward to administering the sacraments, and I look forward to the people. Paul A. Caron, Pastor of St. Pius Tenth Parish in South Yarmouth. What follows is a synthesis of the topics and themes shared in local reports.
John A. Raposo, from Pastor in solidum (with Rev. Saint Francis de Sales Seminary | Our Seminarians Our Seminarians The Men of the Salesianum See rollcall videos of our seminarians by diocese.
ODonnell, 41, grew up in Harwich, Mass., the son of Patty and the late William ODonnell, Jr.
Synod 2021-2023 - Fall River Diocese 101. The priest.
Clergy Retirements, Transfers and Assignments Announced He is entering second theology at Immaculate Conception Seminary in South Orange, New Jersey. This Synod is to be a process of journeying together by listening, dialoguing, praying, discerning and making decisions together for the purpose of proclaiming the . And I dont think I realized it at the time, but just like many things in life, you can kind of look back and learn that those experiences did play a role in who I am today. Laird: I am looking forward to administering the sacraments too, and to being there for such important parts of peoples lives in a unique way. Now members of the transitional diaconate, Deacon Laird and Deacon ODonnell joined the community of Holy Family in East Taunton while continuing their studies as part of the St. Johns Seminary Ordination Class of 2022. Also, come up to the seminary for a visit. Chris is entering third theology at Immaculate Conception Seminary in South Orange, New Jersey. Click the button below to see the daily priest intention. Inside the priest portal, priests will find various supportive documents, resources, and video's to assist you in your priestly life and ministry. But looking back over my life, I can see the Lord leading me each step of the way and preparing my heart so when I did finally surrender my will and asked Him what my vocation was, I had a lot of peace and clarity and a sense of freedom accepting the wonderful journey to the priesthood., The future of the Church is the youth. Weve often heard the expression, Ill put in a good word for you. These are people who are putting in a good word for us with God. Support for seminarian education is critical to ensure that we have priests to support our Diocese and all ministries into the future. Some of our seminarians share thoughts on their summer assignment experiences as well.
But when youre drawn into Jesus, you realize theres more. In the Fall River Diocese, this local-level participatory process will take place between December 2021 and late winter 2022. Deacon Laird went to Holy Cross College in Worcester, earning a degree in biology. Michael R. Nagle, Pastor of Good Shepherd Parish in Vineyard Haven, Rev. John P. Kelleher, from Pastor of St. Mary-Our Lady of the Isle Parish in Nantucket, to Pastor of St. Pius Tenth Parish in South Yarmouth. Now being an older man, some could say, were already formed. Frederici, by April 30, 2022. John Garabedian was raised in Mansfield, and is a parishioner of St. Marys Parish there with his mother, Claire, father John, and two sisters. The courses that I enjoy the most are the courses about what takes place in a Catholic Liturgy. All Rights Reserved. Their ordination to the transitional diaconate will begin the final leg of their journey toward the priesthood. Share. Three main topics emerged: After sharing ways their communities already journey together, reports noted variouschallenges, observations, and needs for the Church both locally and at large to best move forward in proclaiming the Gospel. For More information, please contact, Asst. I have enjoyed the opportunity to study Catholic Theology in detail to come to understand more deeply the teachings of the Church in order to be able to bring the faith to others. This provides a great opportunity to provide catechesis on this Sacrament as well as discussing with parents what it truly means to raise a child in the faith.. There is a registration fee of $20 to attend the presentation. His Excellency, the Most Reverend Edgar M. da Cunha, S.D.V., Bishop of Fall River, has accepted the nomination of the Reverend Peter A. Jarret, C.S.C., Provincial Vicar of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, and has made the following appointment: Rev. Paul C. Fedak, from Pastor of St. Nicholas of Myra Parish in North Dighton, to Pastor of Good Shepherd Parish in Vineyard Haven. At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person classrooms shifted to remote learning and our seminarians took up residence at parishes in the diocese. Her Catholic faith was deeply important to her. Fall River, MA 02720
After high school, he traveled to Portugal to work on his Portuguese. We have reason to be thankful to God for His generosity, to be thankful to these men for saying yes, and to celebrate that they are on their way to serving God as priests and serving us, His Church, said Fr. ODonnell: There was plenty of faith activity in my family growing up. 1 was here. in 1999. . The vocation to holiness means putting into practice, in ones own daily life, the example and teaching of Jesus Christ.
Saint Francis de Sales Seminary | Our Seminarians Donations may be mailed directly to the Catholic Foundation office, 450 Highland Ave., Fall River, MA 02720, made online at www.givefrdiocese.org/2021, or dropped off at any parish in the Diocese. We invite you to prayerfully consider making the commitment to pray for one priest of the Diocese of Fall River each day. The Catholic Population of the diocese is roughly 325,000 people, or roughly about 40% of the general population. My time in the seminary has been overwhelmingly positive, he told The Anchor. The Priesthood: A Conduit of Divine Grace & Healing, We invite you to prayerfully consider making the commitment to pray for one priest of the Diocese of Fall River each day. Im very grateful for that., To the people who give to the Catholic Appeal, particularly for vocations, I would say thanks in many ways. I have been able to participate in various pastoral opportunities which have strengthened my love for the ministerial works of the Church and for the people of God. Herman C. Agudelo, Parochial Vicar of Our Lady of Mt. Rev. For more information contact the Vocations office at (904) 262-3200, ext. Its more than the study of theology. He graduated from Harwich High School in 1996 and received a bachelors degree in marketing from Stonehill College in Easton in 2000. He is also Ecclesiastical Assistant to Aid to the Church in Need USA, a Papal Missionary of Mercy, a National Eucharistic Preacher for . Additionally, i t is recommended that our diocese, parishes, and other communities who shared in this diocesan synodal process: Journeying Together:
John Garabedian - Seminarian - Diocese of Fall River, MA - LinkedIn The Diocese of Fall River is blessed with devoted seminarians. He received his masters in social work from UMass. #FallRiverDiocese Bishop's Blog: A Fatima Honor and Prayers for Our Seminarians - Fall River Who were some of your biggest influences growing up? As deacons, they will be able to assist the priest at Mass and be an ordinary minister of the Eucharist, proclaim the Gospel and preach, baptize, and minister at other services.
Fr. Roger Landry | Catholic Answers Reverend David Frederici, Vicar for Pastoral Services,vps@dioc-fr.org, David Carvalho, Secretary for the New Evangelization, dcarvalho@dioc-fr.org, Laura Carrillo, Director of Strategic and Pastoral Planning,lcarrillo@dioc-fr.org, 450 Highland Avenue
Home | Diocese of Fall River | Office of Clergy Support John M. Schrader, from Parochial Vicar of Transfiguration of the Lord Parish in North Attleboro, to Administrator of St. John Neumann Parish in East Freetown, while remaining Associate Director of Vocations and Seminarians. The power of the priest, is the power of the divine person; for the transubstantiation of the bread requires as much power as the creation of the world. Our federal tax ID number is 04-2104873. Accept the answer. FALL RIVERThe 80th Annual Catholic Appeal Time to Gather, Time to Heal, Time to Love has raised $2.8 million to date, with less than three weeks remaining in the annual campaign, which ends on Wednesday, June 30. He has thought about the possibility of the vocation to the priesthood for many years and through spiritual direction he came to a greater clarity about the possible calling from the Lord. In a recent testimonial about his work in the Office of Vocations, Fr. Refreshments will be served.
Resources for Parishes | Fall River Vocations Office For more information, please contact Irina Robinson, Fall River Diocesan Family and Pro-Life Director, at 508-669-7966 or by email, idelucca@dioc-fr.org. Laird: Music is a hobby of mine. Join to connect Diocese of Fall River, MA. He earned a bachelors degree in religious studies in 2003 from Fairfield University in Connecticut. Theres really four pillars.
Home | Fall River Vocations Office Deacon Gregory Quenneville, 36, grew up in South Attleboro, a parishioner of St. Theresas Parish there. John J. Oliveira, Pastor of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Parish in New Bedford, 450 Highland Avenue
Dias spent this past summer working and took a college course. We meet with them before seminary starts as they are beginning to wonder, Is God calling me? We help them through their application process, and we remain with them during their years of formation.. Ensure that parishes have active parish councils representative of the entire parish and in keeping with the guidelines promulgated by Bishop da Cunha in December 2021 . He has attended a number of faith-filled retreats and routinely helped out at his parish. Notas de la Grabadora ODonnell: Prayer. He is very active Santo Christo Parish in Fall River, and over the years he served at St. Annes Church and Good Shepherd Church. During college and after John went deeper in knowing and living his faith, especially growing in his living of the sacramental life (regular Confession, daily Mass, and Eucharistic Adoration). God is forming my heart and increasing my joy and desire to become a priest despite the ups and downs of daily life. The input and feedback generated through this consultation will become part of a national report submitted for the 2023 gathering of Bishops in Rome that will bring the Synod to its conclusion. His family has always nurtured his faith life and while in Brazil, after his First Communion in 2006, he joined The Missionary Childhood, a group that helps young people minister to their peers.
It all starts there. (In a similar way) a priest reaches out to the lost sheep in his community., Gregory Quenneville, St. Johns Seminary, Brighton, MA (St. Theresa of the Child Jesus Parish, South Attleboro), The aspect of the priesthood Im most looking forward to is the celebration of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. Meet our Seminarians Seminaries Mt. He has an older sister. Diocese to offer Eucharistic Nights and Relic Tour, Return of Women and Mens Conference is just weeks away, Saint Vincents Services announces the addition of Katie Dawkins as Director of Donor Relations and Fundraising, St. Anne Shrine announces 2023 schedule of events, Bishop da Cunha has a new post: Lenten Passages, 450 Highland Avenue
Leverage parish ambassadors as leaders in the community to help facilitate regular checkpoints, ensuring feedback and ideas are shared with the pastor. You engage in the development of a healthy prayer life. Laird: I went to Catholic school growing up; at St. Francis Xavier Prep in Hyannis, and John Paul II High School, the priests I met were my biggest role models. I did some things like serving at daily Mass, giving weekly reflections, making Communion calls, and helping out at the local food pantry. Kathleen also works at the parish. 28th annual FACE Fall Dinner is November 2 at Whites of Oistins-Silversands: Inculturation and effective ministry, Holy Cross Family Ministries president expresses thanks to area faithful. A recipient of the Diocese of Fall Rivers Pope Pius X Award, he taught in the parish Faith Formation program and was a member of the youth group there. Again the priest. In 2015 he was approved to study philosophy at Our Lady of Conception Major Seminary in Aracaju, where he studied philosophy for three years. Donations may be mailed directly to the Catholic Foundation office, 450 Highland Ave., Fall River, MA 02720, made online at www.givefrdiocese.org, or dropped off at any parish in the Diocese. FAQs and Glossary, Dispensation Granted for St. Patricks Day, Application Period Open for FACE Scholarships, Parishes Asked to Hold Special Collection for Earthquake Victims, Raynham Priest Placed on Administrative Leave, Ash Wednesday is Feb. 22, Marks Beginning of Lent, Audited Financial Statements for FY Ended 6-30-22. provides counsel to the Pope on matters of faith and morals, and discipline of the Church. Brian Connors comes from a family of his mom, Janice, dad, Michael, and two brothers. FALL RIVER Four seminarians studying for the priesthood for the Fall River Diocese will be ordained transitional deacons by Bishop Edgar M. da Cunha, at an 11 a.m. Mass on Saturday, May 22, in St. Marys Cathedral, Fall River. All applications for the program of Priestly Formation at Saint John's Seminary go through the candidate's Diocesan Vocation Office. He was also a baseball player at Bridgewater. Activities include prayer (Holy Mass, Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, Liturgy of the Hours, Rosary, etc. He became very active in his parish and the thought that the Lord may be calling him to the priesthood grew throughout high school. They are: Brian Connors, John Garabedian, Chris Hughes and Thiago Menezes Santos. Thiago Menezes Santos was born in Aracaju, Brazil, where his family, father, Sergio, mom, Laura, and sister still live. His home parish is Christ the King in Mashpee. However, clergy, men and women religious, theologians, catechists, canon lawyers, and lay experts all participate in the synod gathering with bishops by providing their counsel. John Garabedian, Immaculate Conception Seminary, South Orange, NJ (St. Marys Parish, Mansfield), I felt the Lord calling me to be a priest, to be open to the priesthood.
The final diocesan report was submitted to the USCCB on June 30, 2022. We need our priests: to baptize, to anoint, to hear confessions, and to keep parishes vibrant. Foundation to Advance Catholic Education (FACE), Rev.
2020 Ordination Highlights - Saint John's Seminary Phone: 508-675-1311
His Excellency, the Most Reverend Edgar M. da Cunha, S.D.V., D.D., Bishop of Fall River, has made the following appointments: Very Rev. Watch the following videos to get to know our future priests. He is a parishioner of Holy Trinity Parish in West Harwich. Lucas Daniel daCosta, son of Daniel and Fatima daCosta, grew up in New Bedford, MA and is a parishioner of St. Francis Xavier Church in Acushnet. In his 20s Brian underwent a conversion and in 2015 received the sacraments of initiation. The men who are out there discerning are the future of our Church. Transitional Diaconate Ordination. During his formation, Connors has served at Our Lady of Grace Parish in Westport, and this summer at the Cathedral of St. Mary the Assumption in Fall River. The calling can be a subtle message like the story of Elijah in the Book of Kings, in the cave in silence. The Diocese of Fall River, MA has taken a step in FAITH and HOPE to formally establish an independent, charitable foundation responsible for raising, managing and distributing philanthropic funds to provide long-term, sustainable support for the parishes, schools and life-changing ministries across its Diocese. As he discerns a vocation to the priesthood, Dias said in his biography on the diocesan Vocation Office website that he finds strength in helping marginalized people to have a better life, and what excites him most about the thought of becoming a priest is bringing the Sacraments to Gods people. The Ordination on Saturday will be livestreamed on the Fall River Diocesan Facebook page at www.facebook.com/fallriverdiocese. Lucas daCosta grew up in New Bedford, and with his mother, Fatima, father, Daniel, and sister, he is a member of St. Francis Xavier Parish in Acushnet. Currently, 14 seminarians from the Diocese of Fall River are at different stages of formation as they prepare for the priesthood. February 1, 2023 . James M. Fitzpatrick, from Pastor of St. Bernard Parish in Assonet, to Pastor of St. Ann Parish in Raynham. Deacon Laurent Valliere, 39, is originally from Warwick, R.I., but later, with his mom, Maureen and dad, Laurent, became parishioners of St. Stanislaus Parish in Fall River. This Synod is entitled: For a Synodal Church: Communion, Participation, and Mission., Journeying Together: With Jesus on the Path of Faith and Hope, Updates & Information for Parish Ambassadors, Process for Facilitating Synodal Consultations. Four of the men, all entering fourth Theology at St. Johns Seminary in Brighton shortly, will attend school in the fall during the week and work at parishes on weekends. To be ordained are Matthew F. Laird, William O'Donnell III, Gregory Quenneville, and Laurent M. [] 132m St Vincent Home . A Diocesan Synodal Phase has been added for widespread consultation at the local level. Below you will find links for the Vocations Offices of all our sending dioceses. Bryan Bangs was born in 1997 and is the son of Robert and Joanne Bangs.