Although boric acid suppositories are generally safe for adults, minor side effects are possible. Other drugs may interact with vaginal boric acid, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Ku, W.W. and Chapin, R.E. a gritty sensation in the vagina. This does not mean the potential for an interaction does not exist, however. 1 The effectiveness of boric acid dusts against insects is reduced when dust gets wet. 1996-2023 Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. (Do not ingest!). These include insects, spiders, mites, algae, molds,
U.S. EPA. Following the registration and review completed as part of REACH, the classification of Boric Acid CAS 10043-35-3 / 11113-50-1 is listed from 1 December 2010 is H360FD (May damage fertility. registered for use in the United States since 1948. Saturated solutions of boric acid contain 5.55% boron. The exact mechanism of action of boric acid is unknown; generally cytotoxic to all cells. Application of clinical judgment is necessary. watery . Wildlife Poisoning / Environmental Incident. In addition to being a clinical pharmacist specializing in pharmacotherapy, Dr. Brian Staiger is a registered herbalist through the American Herbalist Guild. ", Masanori Tachikawa (2004): "A density functional study on hydrated clusters of orthoboric acid, B(OH), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals, "Report of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Decision (TRED) for Boric Acid/Sodium Borate Salts", "CLH report for boric acid Proposal for Harmonised Classification and Labelling", "Boric acid as a substance of very high concern because of its CMR properties", Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, 16 December 2008, "Chemicals used by hydraulic fracturing companies in pennsylvania for surface and hydraulic fracturing activities", "European Patent EP3004279A1. The high-temperature plasma causes the boric acid to rapidly decompose into water vapor and boric anhydride, and in-turn, the vaporization products de-ionize the plasma, helping to interrupt the electrical fault. Consists of Boric Acid, Magnesium Citrate, Zinc Oxide. DETAILS HOW TO USE INGREDIENTS. common products. It moves through plants into their
Find out if magnesium orotate is the best form of magnesium for supplements, including safety concerns. You should not use boric acid if you are allergic to it, or if you have: pain or tenderness in your pelvis or lower stomach; a weak immune system (caused by disease or by using certain medicine); It is not known whether this medicine will harm an unborn baby. Boric acid is low in toxicity if eaten or if it contacts skin. It is an acid-containing compounds of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen. The measured bulk density of expanded perlite was 0.071 g/cm3. At a cellular level, the molecular effects of boric acid lead t o an inhibition of protein synthesis, . fluconazole, nystatin topical, clotrimazole topical, Diflucan, itraconazole, miconazole topical, Temovate, Clobex, Cormax, Cormax Scalp. The method is characterized in that: (a) the process flows comprise acidification, filtering, and multiple extraction, and also have four processes, namely thermosol . This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. fungi, and weeds. For a 70kg adult, at the lower 5g limit, 350g could produce death in humans. Biol Trace . Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. Boric acid suppositories have been used for many years as an alternative treatment, but there are still not enough studies or scientific data about their safety. Changes in boric acid concentration can effectively regulate the rate of fission taking place in the reactor. What should I avoid while using vaginal boric acid (Hylafem)? Are children more sensitive to boric acid than adults? Boric . Samples synthesized at room temperature and at a temperature above 220 are nontransparent rubberlike masses. Studies with workers breathing borax showed no long-term respiratory effects. 1.800.858.7378 npic@ace.orst.edu Children may be especially sensitive to pesticides, Oregon State Boric acid was administered by gavage at a subtoxic dose (8.7 mg B/kg/d) for 40 d. Boric acid is soluble in water and . Concentrates of borate-based treatments can be used to prevent slime, mycelium, and algae growth, even in marine environments. BORIC ACID (BOHR ik AS id) helps to promote the proper acid balance in the vagina. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, Best Treatments for Vaginal Yeast Infections, What Is Vaginal Dryness? Boric acid, H 3 BO 3 , is a weak acid and at physiological pH is in the form of an uncharged small molecule. [citation needed]. Vaginal boric acid (Hylafem pH) is a homeopathic medicine that also contains probiotics or "friendly bacteria" (Lactobacilliales), as well as the antioxidants Vitamin C and E. This product works by replenishing normal vaginal acidity and balancing vaginal flora (helpful bacteria). Boron is a trace mineral that proven essential throughout in the lifecycle for organizations across a phylogenetic kingdom. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose. It is created by eHealthMe based on reports of 8 people who take Bactrim and Boric acid from the FDA, and is updated regularly. other information on the pesticide label or any other regulatory Be alerted to newclinical findings & warnings. our disclaimer | Contact us | About NPIC | En espaol. ConsumerLab.com answer explains. Boric acid is also known as acidum boricum, hydrogen borate, boracic acid, and orthoboric acid. Vaginal boric acid is a homeopathic prescription medicine that also contains probiotics or "friendly bacteria" (Lactobacilliales), as well as the antioxidants Vitamin C and E. This product works by replenishing normal vaginal acidity and balancing vaginal flora (helpful bacteria). The answer is a definitive no. Understand the actual amount of magnesium dosage (or "elemental magnesium") you are getting from your supplement. This medicine might be used for other purposes; ask your health care company or pharmacist if you have concerns. Can You Take A Z-Pak If You Have A Penicillin Allergy? powder. Please cite as: Boone, C.; Bond, C.; Stone, D. 2012. [citation needed], Boric acid is used to lubricate carrom and novuss boards, allowing for faster play. Flame retardant chemicals that were evaluated include boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) which were incorporated with saw dust fibers to manufacture experimental panels. Buffer capacity is greater against rising pH (towards the pKa around 9.0), as illustrated in the accompanying graph. traditional medicine, especially concerning drug interactions, so it is Can boric acid affect birds, fish, and other wildlife? #X8-83560101). 5. Boric Acid is a weakly acidic hydrate of boric oxide with mild antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties. This can also happen if you get
Boric acid has mild antiseptic and antifungal actions. . [52][53][54] Boric acid also has the reputation as "the gift that keeps on killing" in that cockroaches that cross over lightly dusted areas do not die immediately, but that the effect is like shards of glass cutting them apart. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. BUY NOW - $21.99. A small amount of boric acid is added to the composition to neutralize alkaline amides that can react with the aluminum. It is used to help treat yeast infections of the vagina and relieve symptoms such as itching and burning. Composition. Join now to save favorites and get all member benefits, including over 1,300 reviews. However, it can be stored in bone and is generally found at lower levels
Boric acid can kill insects if they eat it. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is also used as prevention of athlete's foot, by inserting powder in the socks or stockings. Borates, the general term associated with boron containing minerals such as borax and . Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve, or if they get worse. This list is not complete. Some infants that ate large amounts of boric acid also had nervous system effects. It is used in the treatment of yeast infections and cold sores. Mechanism of action. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose. Under certain soil conditions it can reach ground water. The usual dosage of vaginal boric acid is 1 suppository inserted into the vagina once per day, for 3 to 6 days in a row. It can be found in everyday items, such as: cosmetics. Always carefully read and follow the label. Beyond that, they could worsen the health of your vagina. BWRs use an aqueous solution of boric acid and borax or sodium pentaborate for an emergency shut down system. Boric acid was dumped over Reactor 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant after its meltdown to prevent another reaction from occurring. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. eMedicineHealth does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. University. regions of Boric acid, B(OH) 3, Magnesium sulphate, MgSO 4 and Pure water, H 2O is depicted in Figure- 5. Boric acid is a weak acid, with pKa (the pH at which buffering is strongest because the free acid and borate ion are in equal concentrations) of 9.24 in pure water at 25C. For example, when dissolved in methanol it is popularly used by fire jugglers and fire spinners to create a deep green flame much stronger than copper sulfate. Mode of Action: Target Organisms. These classifications are only a guideline. What are some products that contain boric acid? Do not use this medicine if you have open sores, wounds, or ulcerations in your vaginal area. generally moves evenly throughout the body. Boric acid is used only in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) whereas boiling water reactors (BWRs) employ control rod pattern and coolant flow for power control. Drug descriptions are provided by MedlinePlus. Boric acid does not emit vapors into the atmosphere. Boric acid and its sodium salts each combine
Boric acid suppositories have long been recommended by ob-gyns and health practitioners to help treat persistent or recurring vaginal issues likeyeast infections and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Boric acid may be dissolved in spent fuel pools used to store spent fuel elements. 10 Things People With Depression Wish You Knew. It is a weak acid and has antiviral, antifungal, and antiseptic properties. What Are the Best PsA Treatments for You? BORIC ACID is a very weak acid. [41], Boric acid can be used as an antiseptic for minor burns or cuts and is sometimes used in salves and dressings, such as boracic lint. Medicinally, dolomite is used as a source of both calcium and magnesium, but its use is not recommended due to concerns it may be contaminated with heavy metals such as aluminum, arsenic, lead . Children have different behaviors than adults that can put them at greater risk. They are also used in outdoor residential
6 Individuals are likely to be exposed to boric acid from industrial manufacturing or processing. toxicities each depend on the amount of boron they contain. Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. For routine vulvar hygiene, we recommend only the use of water or unscented soaps, and only for external use, she says. the fact sheet on Pets and Pesticide Use for more information. 2528, excluding borates separated from natural brine; natural boric acid containing not more than 85% of H3Bo3 calculated on the dry weight. Other drugs may interact with vaginal boric acid, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Store at cool room temperature away from moisture, heat, and direct light. Vaginal boric acid is for use only in the vagina. Boric acid is a weak monobasic acid and does not act as a proton donor. can also occur if products are accessible to children or pets. However, most yeast infections are caused by a different species, Candida albans. Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skin rashes, peeling and ulcers have also been reported. ", Gurwinder Kaur, Shagun Kainth, Rohit Kumar, Piyush Sharma and O. P. Pandey (2021): "Reaction kinetics during non-isothermal solid-state synthesis of boron trioxide via boric acid dehydration. This property is used in analytical chemistry to determine the borate content of aqueous solutions, for example to monitor the depletion of boric acid by neutrons in the water of the primary circuit of light-water reactor when the compound is added as a neutron poison during refueling operations. In the past, a diluted boric acid solution was used to clean and dress the wounds. Because of this finding, they studied the effect of dietary Mo and Mg on . It is possible to buy borate-impregnated rods for insertion into wood via drill holes where dampness and moisture is known to collect and sit. Vaginal boric acid will not prevent an infection from spreading to your partner. Borax can also be irritating to the skin. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. your provider before making any changes to your medication regimen. It is a Lewis acid and is also known as ortho-boric acid. replace or supersede the restrictions, precautions, directions, or Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. n.e.s. Boric Acid is a monobasic Lewis acid with the chemical formula H3BO3. It is safe in the vagina as a bacterial or antifungal treatment but can be toxic when taken orally, so it should never be taken by mouth. Closes 22 April 2010, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boric_acid&oldid=1139986509, Short description is different from Wikidata, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. You should not breast-feed while using this medicine. This site is intended for informational purposes only and not to provide medical advice. is eliminated in the urine within four days. There is no evidence that boric acid is broken down in the body. 2023-02-24. Please do not submit any type of HTML markup or scripting as it will not be accepted, nor will posts that exceed 2,500 characters. Washing of boric acid yields single-phase transparent borosiloxanes demonstrating the rubberlike behavior. Other times it can be ingested through oral sex with the person taking the suppository. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. This does not mean the potential [51], Boric acid was first registered in the US as an insecticide in 1948 for control of cockroaches, termites, fire ants, fleas, silverfish, and many other insects. Wash your hands before and after inserting a vaginal suppository. Incompatible with alkali carbonates and hydroxides. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. In general, their
The invention belongs to the field of inorganic chemical technology, and particularly relates to a method for extracting boric acid from boron-containing magnesium chloride solution by using an acidification-extraction method. 46,50 Boric acid at 1 mmol/L also was found to inhibit growth of breast cancer cells in vitro. long-term ingestion have caused coma, seizures, the halting of blood circulation, liver and kidney dysfunction, a low
The results showed that by cross-linking there was an increase in mechanical strength and thermal property. NPIC fact sheets are designed to answer questions that are commonly
It helps in replenishing the vaginal flora and maintains vaginal acidity. Boric acid can be used as an antiseptic for minor burns or cuts and is sometimes used in dressings or salves. Herbal: Magnesium While not as well studied as in yeast infections, boric acid may also provide relief for recurrent bacterial vaginosis, particularly when taken in conjunction with other therapies. It is also used as . If there are any such symptoms, one should immediately stop its usage and consult a doctor. Find the best products with instant access to our latest tests & reviews of over 1,300 health products. It is available in a gel form and injectable paste form for treating rot affected wood without the need to replace the timber. This medicine will not treat or prevent sexually transmitted disease. "[21], Long-term exposure to boric acid may be of more concern, causing kidney damage and eventually kidney failure (see links below). It disrupts their stomach and
As you may have seen on TikTok, boric acid suppositories placed in the vagina can help treat certain types of vaginal infections, but using them beyond that can throw off the vaginas healthy bacteria balance. The acute oral LD 50 in rats is 4500-5000 mg/kg and the intradermal LD 50 in rabbits is 10,000 mg/kg. In the jewelry industry, boric acid is often used in combination with denatured alcohol to reduce surface oxidation and thus formation of firescale on metals during annealing and soldering operations. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment, What Is Vaginal Itching? Vaginal boric acid is not recommended for use by anyone younger than 12 years old, unless directed by your doctor. Is It Safe to Have Sex During Your Period? You can use the study as a second opinion to make health care decisions. This compound has the unusual property of retaining its water of hydration at temperatures up to 290C. Detailed Boric acid topical dosage information. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. Read all patient information, medication guides, and instruction sheets about how to insert the vaginal suppository. You can limit your
[35] Indeed, it is often used in conjonction with guar gum as cross-linking and gelling agent for controlling the viscosity and the rheology of the fracking fluid injected at high pressure in the well. [19][7][20], The tetrahydroxyborate anion formed in the dissolution spontaneously reacts with these diols to form relatively stable anion esters containing one or two five-member BOCCO rings. 10 Boric acid, sodium tetraborate decahydrate, and disodium . Boric acid is a solid therapy for recurring vaginal yeast infections or infections with atypical yeast species, such as Candida glabrata or Candida tropicalis, according to the department of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Washington. Al, 16-19% EDTA titration B, 2.5% EDTA titration . [citation needed], In combination with its use as an insecticide, boric acid also prevents and destroys existing wet and dry rot in timbers. [23] As a consequence in the 30th ATP to EU directive 67/548/EEC of August 2008, the European Commission decided to amend its classification as reprotoxic category 2, and to apply the risk phrases R60 (may impair fertility) and R61 (may cause harm to the unborn child). You can use a sanitary napkin to prevent the medicine from staining your clothing, but do not use a tampon. These severity listings are for informational use only. Cordia JA, Bal EA, Mak WA and Wils ERJ (2003), This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 21:39. In the transition domains it is proportional toB . mobility in soil depends on pH and the presence of some metals. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. For additional treatment advice, contact the Poison Control Center at
The vaginal suppositories will melt if they get too warm. Boric acid is a water-soluble white compound and occurs naturally. Female mice were divided into three groups, with 18 mice in each group. Magnesium ethoxide. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication. areas, sewage systems, and on food and non-food crops. reaction suitability . Niveau de qualit. The effects of amount of boric acid and degree of hydrolysis of PVA on performance properties like tensile strength, pencil hardness and thermal properties like glass transition temperature were studied. pesticide-related topics to enable people to make informed It is absorbed poorly by skin contact unless the skin is damaged. I have it on my medical Germander - Dapagliflozin Propanediol, Saxagliptin Hydrochloride, Fumitory - Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate, Potentilla - Oxytetracycline , Polymyxin B, Hops - Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride, Tetracaine Hydrochloride, Euphorbia Cyparissias - Canagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride. ConsumerLab.com explains. 1. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains. Do not take a vaginal suppository by mouth. Read all patient information, medication guides, and instruction sheets about how to insert the vaginal suppository. can find in nature and many products. Boric acid naturally occurs in the environment. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Magnesium can decrease the absorption and effectiveness of numerous medications, including some common antibiotics such as tetracycline (Achromycin, Sumycin), demeclocycline (Declomycin), doxycycline (Vibramycin), minocycline (Minocin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin), moxifloxacin (Avelox) and ofloxacin (Floxin); certain statin drugs such as rosuvastatin (Crestor) and atorvastatin (Lipitor); sotalol (Betapace, Sotylize, Sorine), a drug prescribed for atrial fibrillation; gabapentin (Neurontin), a drug prescribed for seizures; and levothyroxine (Synthroid), a drug prescribed for thyroid disorders. [43] Boric acid largely spares lactobacilli within the vagina. You might notice that boric acid's name is similar to the popular cleaning . If you are struggling with a vaginal issue, consult a healthcare provider with experience in vaginal healthcare.. Info on which is the best form of magnesium supplements to take and what to look for when choosing the best magnesium supplement. ", Siavash Aghili, Masoud Panjepour, and Mahmood Meratian (2018): "Kinetic analysis of formation of boron trioxide from thermal decomposition of boric acid under non-isothermal conditions. Are there drug interactions with magnesium supplements? Eating extreme amounts has resulted in a red,
acid or borax causes cancer was found. 2022 WebMD, Inc. All rights reserved. Boric acid is likely to mediate antifungal actions at high concentrations over prolonged exposures 3. Suppose if you are taking a drug Boric Acid, it may have interactions with specific foods and specific medications. It is claimed to have antifungal and antimicrobial properties. from light. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. [17], Boric acid also dissolves in anhydrous sulfuric acid according to the equation[7], Boric acid reacts with alcohols to form borate esters, B(OR)3 where R is alkyl or aryl. Vaginal boric acid may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. An overdose of vaginal boric acid is not expected to be dangerous. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. We're open from 8:00AM to 12:00PM Pacific Time, Mon-Fri, You are here: NPIC Home Page Pesticide Ingredients Active Ingredients Active Ingredient Fact Sheets Boric Acid General Fact Sheet. The product is generally considered to be safe to use in household kitchens to control cockroaches and ants. What happens to boric acid when it enters the body? These three connections are all because boric acid has antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. It will be around 9.0 in a salt-water pool. [49], Boric acid solutions used as an eye wash or on abraded skin are known to be toxic, particularly to infants, especially after repeated use; this is because of its slow elimination rate. Magnesium Oxide, according to the manufacturer's catalog. The concentration is high enough to keep neutron multiplication at a minimum. Sodium metaborate, another
[33], Boric acid, in combination with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or silicone oil, is used to manufacture Silly Putty. View Price and Availability . Orthoboric acid, Boracic acid, Sassolite, Borofax, Trihydroxyborane, Boranetriol, Hydrogen borate, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Andrei Rotaru (2017): "Thermal and kinetic study of hexagonal boric acid versus triclinic boric acid in air flow. Be aware that there is a chance of an interaction. Vaginal boric acid side effects. @article{osti_5031338, title = {Assay of calcium borogluconate veterinary medicines for calcium gluconate, boric acid, phosphorus, and magnesium by using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry}, author = {Lyons, D J and Spann, K P}, abstractNote = {An inductively coupled plasma spectrometric method is described for the determination of 4 elements (Ca, B, P, and Mg) in calcium . . It will not interact with all foods and medications. For example, the reaction with mannitol H(HCOH)6H, whose two middle hydroxyls are in cis orientation, can be written as. Example of Chemical Incompatibilities and Methods of Their Correction 3) Chemical Incompatibilities Causing Evolution Of Carbon Di oxide Gas :- When carbonates or bicarbonates are dispensed in the presence of an acid or acidic drug in a mixture ,they react together with the evolution of carbon dioxide gas .If the reaction is not allowed to complete before transferring the mixture into a . Vaginal boric acid may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. How should I use vaginal boric acid (Hylafem)? Three concentration levels, (0.5, 1, and 5%) of fire retardants and 10% urea formaldehyde resin based on oven dry . Here we report water-soluble, bio-available mixed-ligand boron adducts for potential . Has anyone studied non-cancer effects from long-term exposure to boric acid? People who have eaten boric acid have had nausea, vomiting, stomach aches, and diarrhea. If you dont have easy access to an ob-gyn, Planned Parenthood offers free or affordable telemedicine options for women both on their website and their app. It acts as a stomach poison affecting the insects' metabolism, and the dry powder is abrasive to the insects' exoskeletons. Boric acid exhibits minimal bacteriostatic and antifungal activities 4. Is it true that magnesium bisglycinate from BioSchwartz is less likely to cause a laxative effect than other forms of magnesium? HS: 252890. symptoms that go away and come back. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Potential Male Birth Control Pill Shows Promise in Early Lab Tests, Penises Have Gotten Surprisingly Longer Over the Past 29 Years, Study Finds, FDA Now Allows Retail Pharmacies to Dispense Abortion Pills, What Is Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder? It is utilized to help deal with yeast infections of the vaginal area and relieve symptoms such as itching and burning. The vaginal suppositories will melt if they get too warm. Boric acid, more specifically orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula B(OH) 3.It may also be called hydrogen borate, boron hydroxide or boracic acid. [22], According to the CLH report for boric acid published by the Bureau for Chemical Substances Lodz, Poland, boric acid in high doses shows significant developmental toxicity and teratogenicity in rabbit, rat, and mouse fetuses as well as cardiovascular defects, skeletal variations, and mild kidney lesions. Learn about the interactions between certain supplements and atorvastatin (Lipitor), rosuvastatin (Crestor), and other cholesterol-lowering statins.