The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. evolution, theory in biology postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. Jason Mackenzie Alexander argues morality is a form of social technology - it is context specific and it can go out-of-date 52. A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. (After all, doesnt everyone want to be paid well? Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. First, managers should address the hygiene factors. Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. c) an employee's responsibility to teach their managers of personal need profiles required for success in different jobs High-nPow people do have effective employee behaviors, but at times theyre disruptive. Abeka speech for every day review quiz 1 Flashcards. An overriding principle in this theory is that a persons attention (direction) and energy (intensity) will focus on satisfying the lowest-level need that is not currently satisfied. In 2016, the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) launched a pilot program called Jump in which employees participated in challenges on ways to save water and electricity, as well as other sustainability issues. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. They want others to respond to their wishes whether or not it is good for the organization. They actively seek out performance feedback. Organizational behavior researchers, however, are not as enamored with it because research results dont support Maslows hierarchical notion. e) Physiological. relation to the euro, what is the c) Procedural justice Apparently, people dont go through the five levels in a fixed fashion. They build empires, and they protect them. d) Felt positive inequity b) organizational policies and administration. So, high-nAff employees will be especially motivated to perform well if others depend on them. a.) a) expectancies He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). e) Interactional justice. Skip to document . Considerable numbers of studies have demonstrated that tasks are intrinsically motivating when they satisfy at least one of three higher-order needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. 2017. This company spent two years perfecting gym socks, and it paid off. Business Insider. To fight. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. a.) e) less than two needs must be activated at the same time, c) more than one need may be activated at the same time, Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? Theory choice. For example, by providing adequate pay, safe working conditions, and cohesive work groups, employers help employees satisfy their lower-order needs. Other people have lower affiliation needs. b) Equity, reinforcers, and goals There are no higher levels in the pyramid, because self-actualization needs can never be fully satisfied. Placing a company in a larger context and adding a second, higher purpose than the established company goals motivates employees to police the company itself to be a better global citizen. The Promotion contains a game of chance . a) Individualistic b) ERG theory includes a frustration-digression component, but Maslow's theory does not. a) achievement a) ERG theory collapses Maslow's five need levels into two need categories. D) a constant intensity. e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. To surrender. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. a) opportunity for advancement. B) an individual's intensity, direction and persistence. e.) Inducement. e) relatedness. Vroom's expectancy theory argues that work motivation is determined by an individual's beliefs regarding the linkage between effort and performance, the linkage between performance and work outcomes, and the value placed on those work outcomes. b e.) growth, The ERG theory contends that __________. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. In contrast, he can exert a lot of effort and still not catch a fish. existence In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. Todays flexible, cost-conscious organizations have no room for top-heavy structures; their high-nAch employees perform their jobs well with minimal supervision. c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. If the dollar decreases in value in d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). The cell membrane is composed. b) Self-actualization and esteem 60. b) Task feedback, or knowledge of results, is likely to motivate people toward higher performance by encouraging the setting of higher performance goals. Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. d) Motivation-hygiene theory a) MBO c) Little research has been conducted. Which of the following comparisons of Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's needs hierarchy is correct? This need is the second of McClellands learned needs. In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? Needs must be maintained (we must continue to eat occasionally). (Points : 1) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. To accomplish something difficult. A lot of fishing, no fish, and no results equal failure! To snub or jilt an object. To conceal or justify a misdeed, failure, or humiliation. To revenge an injury. the consequences of an individual's behavior. c) supervision. The distinction between instinctive and learned needs sometimes blurs; for example, is our need to socialize with other people instinctive or learned? Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). b) only two needs may be activated at the same time a) expectancy c) Expectancy d) Equity To avoid humiliation. c) job enrichment d) 28 psychopharmacology j. 2016. How Companies Can Tap Sustainability to Motivate Staff. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-companies-tap-sustainability-to-motivate-staff/, Mulvey, Kelsey. Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. If motivator needs are ignored, neither long-term satisfaction nor high motivation is likely. 61. a) Positive inequity e) In collectivist cultures, people seem to be more concerned about equality than equity. d.) Motivator e) ERG theory, 65. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. b) Physiological Are CCC and DDD mutually exclusive? Which statement about acquired needs theory is correct? It is critical, however, that those managerial jobs allow the employee to satisfy the nPow through social power acquisition. d) The theory links motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance. In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. Which of the following is classified as a content theory? d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time 2017. RBS boosts employee motivation and engagement through its CSR approach. employee benefits. c) Cells share similar chemical composition. d) Self-actualization But paying him more will not cause long-term satisfaction unless motivators are present. b) valence stick to one leadership style. Process theories of motivation attempt to explain this aspect of motivation by focusing on the intensity of motivation as well as its direction. To feed, help, support, console, protect, comfort, nurse, heal. esteem A disaster may be domestic or international b. d. Ken Wilbur. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence Two features of needs are key to understanding motivation. Performing well on this job wont satisfy their need to be around other people. Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. Further, the evidence accumulated provided only partial support. To answer this question, we must examine types of motivation. c) Safety, self-actualization, and social c. two-factor theory. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth. A latent need cannot be inferred from a persons behavior at a given time, yet the person may still possess that need. When these needs are met, we experience satisfaction. b.) The task is enjoyable, so we continue to do it even in the absence of extrinsic rewards. List of Organizational Behaviour Multiple Choice Questions with Answers: Q1. e) People with a low need for achievement will also have a low need for affiliation. d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. Competition should be encouraged among employees to find and embrace new goals. identify relevant leadership behaviors. e) the consequences of an individual's behavior, b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. Theyre constantly trying to accomplish something. Jobs that are best performed alone are more appropriate for low-nAff employees, who are less likely to be frustrated. Herzberg considered job duties that lead to feelings of achievement and recognition to be motivators. Which of the following is a limitation of Herzberg's two-factor theory? e) What work environment will suit an employee's personality better, b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior, 62. a) Esteem, social, and safety To speculate, formulate, analyze, and generalize. C) an effort toward creating goals. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs? An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information. Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? d) hygiene factors d) valences Understand the contributions that Murray, McClelland, Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg made toward an understanding of human motivation. Exam will be online Sunday, May 14, 2023 Solve the application problem involving cash and trade discounts. b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location. You probably know a few of them. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, d) Existence, relatedness, and goals a) It is a content theory of motivation. 67. d) Goal setting d) interactional justice e) Reinforcement. Matching b. Verifiability c . To accept injury, blame, criticism, punishment. If not, Murray calls this a latent need. We will always satisfy our need for water before we satisfy our social needs; water needs have prepotency over social needs. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Needs can also be satisfied at some point but become active (dissatisfied) again. Many needs are learned. Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation Determine the amount of cash collections for the period. In the two-factor theory of motivation, __________ are associated with the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. c) valence is high and expectancy and instrumentality are low Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? The two main psychological developmental theories include continuous and discontinuous development. The content theories of motivation include all of the following EXCEPT: a. hierarchy of needs theory. ______________ is classified as a content theory. Which theory is based on the phenomenon of social comparison which states that people will act to eliminate any perceived inequity in the rewards they receive for their work in comparison with the rewards that others receive? e. acquired-needs theory. The implication of McClellands research is that organizations should try to place people with high needs for social power in managerial jobs. Why might concentrating on motivators give better results? Pump I is a small pump; Pump 2 is a larger pump that costs more, will produce slightly more oil, and will produce it more rapidly. e) Frederick Herzberg. The major implication for management is that some employee needs are latent. A reclusive accountant may not have been given the opportunity to demonstrate their need for achievement because they never received challenging assignments. Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. Instead, create even more opportunities for employees to satisfy their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. These eight types of intelligence represent the varied ways individuals process information. c) People with a high need for affiliation like attention and recognition. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals Organziational Behaviour, 7ce Chapter 4: Theories of Motivation Chapter 4 Theories of Motivation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Motivation is A) a component of ability, personal traits and desire. c.) An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. They simply dont exert as much effort in this area as high-nAff people do.